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Evaluation of Polymer Separation System Purifier N 1024 device efficiency
Duliková, Michaela ; Charvátová,, Michaela (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
In this Diploma Thesis the recycling of the PET bottles in the company PETKA CZ, a.s. is under focus. Thesis describes the Italian technology AMUT designed for physical recycling of the PET bottles. The primary goal is the quality of the final recycled product, PET flakes, particularly in the context of undesirable admixtures such as PVC, other polymers and impurities. Due to the deteriorating quality of the PET flakes the equipment Polymer Separation System Purifier N 1024 has been tested, which had significantly reduced admixtures in PET flakes. As it turned out, the current procedures for solving problems with the PET flakes quality are no longer sufficient.
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The study of PET bottles in terms of the content of risk elements
Kryštofová, Petra ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Komendová, Renata (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of PET bottles in terms of the possible content of risk elements. The contents of antimony, copper and lead were determined in the PET packaging material and in the beverages contained in the bottles. A total of 15 samples of bottled still and infant water available in the Czech sales network were analyzed. The PET material was decomposed in an acidic medium under the action of microwave radiation under optimized conditions. Atomic absorption spectrometric methods with flame or graphite cuvette atomization were used to determine selected risk elements based on the predicted analyte concentrations. In the PET packaging material, 159.35 to 265.68 mgkg-1 of antimony were determined, the determined values of lead concentration were in the range of 10.96-20.23 mg·kg-1 and the copper concentration in the range of 0.11-7,52 mg·kg-1. In bottled water and in bottled infant water, antimony was identified only in samples labeled 6a, 8a, 9a and 15a, all lead concentrations were measured below LODPb, copper was determined only in samples 2a, 6a and 8a. In none of the samples did the concentrations given by the valid legislation be exceeded. The limits of these metals are not set in legislation in the packaging materials, only specific migration limits and they have not been exceeded. However, the high concentration of antimony in PET poses a potential risk of contamination of the contents of these packages.
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Environmental Protection Legislation and The Possibility of Using Waste as a Secondary Raw Material With a Focus on the Recycling of PET Bottles
Hejl, Martin ; Pavláková Dočekalová, Marie (referee) ; Kocmanová, Alena (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to analyze the recycling of plastics and the analysis of the recycling process of PET bottles in the company PETKA CZ, a.s. In the last analysis of the work influencing the ways to obtain input material for the production of recycling from PET bottles, management of plastic waste, proposals for improving the production of this company and at the same time the possibilities of reducing waste in the production of recycling. Furthermore, this work describes the legislative regulation of environmental protection, general principles of recycling, how to recycle the company PETKA CZ, a.s. It currently determines and at the same time how we could recycle this to use in the future.
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Question of PET bottles recyclation: Current state and perspectives
Duliková, Michaela ; Stoupalová, Michaela (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
This thesis is deals with the process of recycling of PET bottles from the sorting of waste up to the using of recycled material, so-called “PET flakes“. The attention is paid mainly to the process of the physical recycling. The dry recycling process is compared with the wet recycling process from the point of view of applied technology and quality with focus on the final product (PET flakes) from the wet recycling process. As the quality is concerned, presence of blockers and polyvinyl chloride, which causes the most serious problems during recycling, is discussed. Employed technologies as well as quality requirements for spinning, producing PET strapping band, recycling by the bottle to bottle form (B2B) and other possibilities of the usage of recycled materials are also described.
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Assessment of the suitability of PET flakes produced by PETKA CZ, Inc. company for the manufacture of granulates for food purposes
Šudomová, Lucie ; Kučerík, Jiří (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
This thesis deals with the recycling of polyethylene terephthalate and its subsequent processing into the form of a regranulate meeting the parameters required for food use. A brief description of recycling technology, PET flake quality rating and input material contamination is provided. Additionally, legislation regarding recycling for food purposes is discussed and regranulation technologies are described. The suitability of these technologies for processing specific flake samples has been confirmed. In the experimental part, differences in the regranulate samples are compared using DSC and FT-IR. It has been found that there are no major differences between food quality samples. Tests were carried out on 200 PET bottles (bottle, label), on which the input material was divided into 16 groups. Groups that are unsuitable for recycling with this technology was defined. In addition, contaminants of the final product were examined. Their approximate composition was determined and the relationship between the labels of the bottles at the inlet and the impurities at the outlet was found. Appropriate solutions have been proposed to reduce this contamination
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Identification of the lables used on the PET bottles for recycling
Zoufalá, Anna ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Kučerík, Jiří (advisor)
Among the most significant sources of contamination in PET recycling belong their labels. The labels of PET bottles are composed of various materials, but the manufacturers are not obligated to declare the labels materials. From the point of view of PET recycling, PVC and PETG labels represent the biggest problem, because they cannot easily be separated from PET, and even a small amount can compromise the end-product of recycling. Therefore, this thesis deals with the identification of labels from PET bottles designated for recycling. For their identification was used FTIR-ATR spectrometer. The analysis revealed that PVC and PETG are frequently used as label materials. In many cases the analysis failed and only used additives could be identified.
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Je zálohování PET lahví lepší cestou k třídění odpadu?
Rousová, Klára
Rousová, K. Is Deposit-refund system of PET bottles better way of waste sorting? Bachelor thesis. Brno: Mendel University, 2023. This bachelor thesis deals with the influence of deposit-refund system of PET bottles on Czech consumers and other subjects. In this thesis there are models, that describe the role of deposit in decision-making process of Czech consumer. The method of indifference analysis is used to make economic models. Empiric part of the thesis is divided in two parts. The first part analyses decision-making process of the average Czech consumer in an environment, where deposit-refund system of PET bottles is introduced. In the second part, the general pattern of the decision-making process introduced in the first part is applied to specific consumers in different conditions that also influence the decision-making process, and differences in decision-making of each consumer are observed. Other aspects related to this topic, such as the impact that the introduction of deposit-refund system of PET bottles will have on manufacturers of beverages, retailers, or already existing sorting system, are discussed as well. In conclusion, there are summarised all findings and possible further use of this work.
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Research on the content of risk elements in the material of PET bottles
Kryštofová, Petra ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Komendová, Renata (advisor)
This thesis deals with the research of the content of risk elements in the material of rPET (recycled polyethylene terephthalate), supplied from various countries, and the study of different factors (type of liquid, temperature) on the migration of antimony from this material. The recycling process has the potential to increase the content of unwanted substances and promote the formation of degradation products of chemical additives and by-products of polymerization, thus contributing to higher migration of these substances into food or food simulants [1]. The supplied rPET samples were subjected to total decomposition in an environment of concentrated sulfuric and nitric acid under the influence of microwave radiation prior to analysis. Prepared samples were analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) techniques. The contents of Sb and Zn were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), and the concentrations of Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, and Ni were determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). Additionally, the concentrations of Sb were determined by this method in migration experiments. This thesis builds upon the author's bachelor's thesis, which included pilot experiments.
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Identification of the lables used on the PET bottles for recycling
Zoufalá, Anna ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Kučerík, Jiří (advisor)
Among the most significant sources of contamination in PET recycling belong their labels. The labels of PET bottles are composed of various materials, but the manufacturers are not obligated to declare the labels materials. From the point of view of PET recycling, PVC and PETG labels represent the biggest problem, because they cannot easily be separated from PET, and even a small amount can compromise the end-product of recycling. Therefore, this thesis deals with the identification of labels from PET bottles designated for recycling. For their identification was used FTIR-ATR spectrometer. The analysis revealed that PVC and PETG are frequently used as label materials. In many cases the analysis failed and only used additives could be identified.
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The study of PET bottles in terms of the content of risk elements
Kryštofová, Petra ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Komendová, Renata (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of PET bottles in terms of the possible content of risk elements. The contents of antimony, copper and lead were determined in the PET packaging material and in the beverages contained in the bottles. A total of 15 samples of bottled still and infant water available in the Czech sales network were analyzed. The PET material was decomposed in an acidic medium under the action of microwave radiation under optimized conditions. Atomic absorption spectrometric methods with flame or graphite cuvette atomization were used to determine selected risk elements based on the predicted analyte concentrations. In the PET packaging material, 159.35 to 265.68 mgkg-1 of antimony were determined, the determined values of lead concentration were in the range of 10.96-20.23 mg·kg-1 and the copper concentration in the range of 0.11-7,52 mg·kg-1. In bottled water and in bottled infant water, antimony was identified only in samples labeled 6a, 8a, 9a and 15a, all lead concentrations were measured below LODPb, copper was determined only in samples 2a, 6a and 8a. In none of the samples did the concentrations given by the valid legislation be exceeded. The limits of these metals are not set in legislation in the packaging materials, only specific migration limits and they have not been exceeded. However, the high concentration of antimony in PET poses a potential risk of contamination of the contents of these packages.
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